Configure OpenLDAP Password Expiry Email Notification

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In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to configure OpenLDAP password expiry email notification. If you are using identity and authentication clients such as SSSD on your OpenLDAP clients, you might have realized that, everytime you are logging into a system, SSSD displays a number of days before the password expires, that is only if the OpenLDAP password expiration policies have been implemented.

However, end users are always end users. They will always ignore these notifications. They never like the idea of changing password, :). Therefore, having different means of notifying them and even the system admins themselves about the password expiry is a great idea. This tutorial therefore will provide some basics steps to take to configure OpenLDAP to send out notifications via email to users mailbox informing them about the password expiration.

In our previous guides, we learnt how to implement OpenLDAP password policies. The link is provided below;

Implement OpenLDAP Password Policies

Similarly, we also covered how users can reset their OpenLDAP passwords by themselves using the OpenLDAP self service password tool;

Setup LDAP Self Service Password Tool on CentOS 8

Send OpenLDAP Password Expiry Notifications via Email

While scouring Internet, we came across the LDAP Tool Box (LTB), script that has been written to browse the LDAP directory to look for entries that uses password policy. If the user’s password will expire soon, a mail is sent.

The script is tested with OpenLDAP (ppolicy overlay). We provided a link to configuring password policies using the ppolicy overlay above.

Check LDAP Password Expiration Script

We downloaded the script and modified it to suit our OpenLDAP directory settings. It can sent the email notification to users whose account passwords are in warning state and at the same time, sent the statistics to a specific administrator.

Below is the contents of our modified version of the script with comment lines removed.

The original version of the script can be found at the LTB Github LDAP scripts repository.

grep -Ev "^\s[#\;]|^\s$|^#" checkLdapPwdExpiration.sh
MY_LDAP_HOSTURI="ldapi:///"
MY_LDAP_DEFAULTPWDPOLICYDN="cn=default,ou=pwpolicy,dc=ldapmaster,dc=kifarunix-demo,dc=com"
MY_LDAP_SEARCHBASE="ou=people,dc=ldapmaster,dc=kifarunix-demo,dc=com"
MY_LDAP_SEARCHFILTER="(&(uid=*)(objectClass=inetOrgPerson))"
MY_LDAP_SEARCHSCOPE="one"
MY_LDAP_SEARCHBIN="/usr/bin/ldapsearch"
MY_LDAP_NAME_ATTR=cn
MY_LDAP_LOGIN_ATTR=uid
MY_LDAP_MAIL_ATTR=mail
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
MY_MAIL_BODY="Hi %name,\n\n \
	Your password will expire in %expireDays days on %expireTimeTZ.\n\n \
        Visit Kifarunix-demo Self Service Password site, https://ldap-ssp.kifarunix-demo.com to reset your password.\n\n \
	As a reminder, ensure that your password conforms to the company outlined password policies.\n\n \
	Kifarunix-demo IT team,\n
	Regards."
EX_MAIL_BODY="Hi %name,\n\n \
	Your password expired on %expireTimeTZ.\n\n \
        Kindly contact Kifarunix-demo IT team to help reset the password.\n\n \
	Kifarunix-demo IT team,\n
	Regards."
MY_MAIL_SUBJECT="LDAP Account Password Expiry Status"
MY_MAIL_BIN="mail"
MY_LOG_HEADER="`date +\"%b %e,%Y %T\"`"
MY_GAWK_BIN="/usr/bin/gawk"
getTimeInSeconds() {
	date=0
	os=`uname -s`
	if [ "$1" ]; then
		date=`${MY_GAWK_BIN} 'BEGIN  { \
			if (ARGC == 2) { \
		        	print mktime(ARGV[1]) \
			} \
			exit 0 }' "$1"`
	else
		if [ "${os}" = "SunOS" ]; then
			date=`/usr/bin/truss /usr/bin/date 2>&1 | nawk -F= \
				'/^time\(\)/ {gsub(/ /,"",$2);print $2}'`
		else
			now=`date +"%Y %m %d %H %M %S" -u`
			date=`getTimeInSeconds "$now"`
		fi
	fi
	echo ${date}
}
tmp_dir="/tmp/$$.checkldap.tmp"
result_file="${tmp_dir}/res.tmp.1"
buffer_file="${tmp_dir}/buf.tmp.1"
tmp_dir_stats="/tmp/ldap-password-stats"
ldap_param="-Y EXTERNAL -H ${MY_LDAP_HOSTURI} -LLL -Q"
nb_users=0
nb_expired_users=0
nb_warning_users=0
if [ -d ${tmp_dir} ]; then
	echo "Error : temporary directory exists (${tmp_dir})"
	exit 1
fi
mkdir ${tmp_dir}
if [ ${MY_LDAP_ROOTDN} ]; then
	ldap_param="${ldap_param} -D ${MY_LDAP_ROOTDN} -w ${MY_LDAP_ROOTPW}"
fi
${MY_LDAP_SEARCHBIN} ${ldap_param} -s ${MY_LDAP_SEARCHSCOPE} \
	-b "${MY_LDAP_SEARCHBASE}" "${MY_LDAP_SEARCHFILTER}" \
	"dn" > ${result_file}
while read dnStr
do
	if [ ! "${dnStr}" ]; then
		continue
	fi
	dn=`echo ${dnStr} | cut -d : -f 2`
	nb_users=`expr ${nb_users} + 1`
	${MY_LDAP_SEARCHBIN} ${ldap_param} -s base -b "${dn}" \
		${MY_LDAP_NAME_ATTR} ${MY_LDAP_LOGIN_ATTR} ${MY_LDAP_MAIL_ATTR} pwdChangedTime pwdPolicySubentry \
		> ${buffer_file}
	login=`grep -w "${MY_LDAP_LOGIN_ATTR}:" ${buffer_file} | cut -d : -f 2 \
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	name=`grep -w "${MY_LDAP_NAME_ATTR}:" ${buffer_file} | cut -d : -f 2\
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	mail=`grep -w "${MY_LDAP_MAIL_ATTR}:" ${buffer_file} | cut -d : -f 2 \
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	pwdChangedTime=`grep -w "pwdChangedTime:" ${buffer_file} \
		| cut -d : -f 2 | cut -c 1-15 | sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	pwdPolicySubentry=`grep -w "pwdPolicySubentry:" ${buffer_file} \
		| cut -d : -f 2 | sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	if [ ! "${pwdChangedTime}" ]; then
		echo "No password change date for ${login} (${mail})" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
		continue
	fi
	if [ ! "${pwdPolicySubentry}" -a ! "${MY_LDAP_DEFAULTPWDPOLICYDN}" ]; then
		echo "No password policy for ${login} (${mail})" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
		continue
	fi
	ldap_search="${MY_LDAP_SEARCHBIN} ${ldap_param} -s base"
	if [ "${pwdPolicySubentry}" ]; then
		ldap_search="${ldap_search} -b ${pwdPolicySubentry}"
	else
		ldap_search="${ldap_search} -b ${MY_LDAP_DEFAULTPWDPOLICYDN}"
	fi
	ldap_search="$ldap_search pwdMaxAge pwdExpireWarning pwdMinLength pwdInHistory"
	pwdMaxAge=`${ldap_search} | grep -w "pwdMaxAge:" | cut -d : -f 2 \
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	pwdExpireWarning=`${ldap_search} | grep -w "pwdExpireWarning:" | cut -d : -f 2 \
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	pwdMinLength=`${ldap_search} | grep -w "pwdMinLength:" | cut -d : -f 2 \
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
	pwdInHistory=`${ldap_search} | grep -w "pwdInHistory:" | cut -d : -f 2 \
		| sed "s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
        if [ ! "${pwdMaxAge}" ]; then
                echo "No password expiration configured for ${login} (${mail})" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
                continue
        fi
	MY_MAIL_DELAY=${MY_MAIL_DELAY:=$pwdExpireWarning}
	if [ "${pwdChangedTime}" ]; then
		s=`echo ${pwdChangedTime} | cut -c 13-14`
		m=`echo ${pwdChangedTime} | cut -c 11-12`
		h=`echo ${pwdChangedTime} | cut -c 9-10`
		d=`echo ${pwdChangedTime} | cut -c 7-8`
		M=`echo ${pwdChangedTime} | cut -c 5-6`
		y=`echo ${pwdChangedTime} | cut -c 1-4`
		currentTime=`getTimeInSeconds`
		pwdChangedTime=`getTimeInSeconds "$y $M $d $h $m $s"`
		diffTime=`expr ${currentTime} - ${pwdChangedTime}`
	fi
	expireTime=`expr ${pwdChangedTime} + ${pwdMaxAge}`
	if [ ${currentTime} -gt ${expireTime} ]; then
		nb_expired_users=`expr ${nb_expired_users} + 1`
		expireTime=`date -d @$expireTime "+%A %d, %B %Y at %T"`
	        logmsg="${EX_MAIL_BODY}"
		logmsg=`echo -e ${logmsg} | sed "s/%name/${name}/; \
			s/%login/${login}/; s/%expireTimeTZ/${expireTime}/; s/%pwdMinLength/${pwdMinLength}/; s/%pwdInHistory/${pwdInHistory}/; \
			s/%expireDays/${expireDays}/"`
		echo "${logmsg}" | ${MY_MAIL_BIN} -s "${MY_MAIL_SUBJECT}" ${mail} >&2
		echo "Password expired for ${login} on ${expireTime}. Mail sent to ${mail}" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
		continue
	fi
	expireTimeTZ=`date -d @$expireTime "+%A %d, %B %Y at %T"`
	expireTimeMail=`date -d @$expireTime "+%s"`
	now=`date +%s`
	expireDays=`echo $(( (${expireTimeMail} - ${now} )/(60*60*24) ))`
	if [ "${mail}" -a "${name}" \
		-a "${login}" -a "${diffTime}" -a "${pwdMaxAge}" ]
	then
		diffTime=`expr ${diffTime} + ${MY_MAIL_DELAY}`
		if [ ${diffTime} -gt ${pwdMaxAge} ]; then
			logmsg="${MY_MAIL_BODY}"
			logmsg=`echo -e ${logmsg} | sed "s/%name/${name}/; \
				s/%login/${login}/; s/%expireTimeTZ/${expireTimeTZ}/; s/%pwdMinLength/${pwdMinLength}/; s/%pwdInHistory/${pwdInHistory}/; \
				s/%expireDays/${expireDays}/"`
			echo "${logmsg}" | ${MY_MAIL_BIN} -s "${MY_MAIL_SUBJECT}" ${mail} >&2
			echo "Password warning for ${login} (expiry date, ${expireTimeTZ}). Mail sent to ${mail}" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
			nb_warning_users=`expr ${nb_warning_users} + 1`
		fi
	fi
done < ${result_file}
sed -i "1iHello Admin,\nFind the LDAP users account password expiry status as at ${MY_LOG_HEADER}.\n" ${tmp_dir_stats}
echo "Total User Accounts checked: ${nb_users}" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
echo "Accounts with Expired Passwords: ${nb_expired_users}" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
echo "Accounts with Passwords in Warning state: ${nb_warning_users}" >> ${tmp_dir_stats}
sed -i -e '/^Total.*/i\\ ' -e '/^Total.*/i ===== Statistics =====' ${tmp_dir_stats}
mail -s "LDAP Password Expiration Status" [email protected] < ${tmp_dir_stats}
rm -rf ${tmp_dir}
rm -rf ${tmp_dir_stats}
exit 0

The Script Requirements

As outlined on the LTB page, the script requires;

  • gawk (GNU awk) (which gawk)
  • ldapsearch (which ldapsearch)
  • mailx (provides mail command, which mailx)
  • date (which date)

which utility enables you to check if the command is installed and the full path to its location.

The Script Variables

Also, update the following variables on the script accordingly.

  • MY_LDAP_HOSTURI: LDAP URI
  • MY_LDAP_ROOTDN (optional): DN to use to bind. No DN means anonymous
  • MY_LDAP_ROOTPW: Password
  • MY_LDAP_DEFAULTPWDPOLICYDN: Default password policy DN. Do not set if no default policy is used. In this case, the script will only affect users with password policy in their entry (pwdPolicySubentry)
  • MY_LDAP_SEARCHBASE: Users search base
  • MY_LDAP_SEARCHFILTER: Users search filter
  • MY_LDAP_SEARCHBIN: Path to ldapsearch binary
  • MY_MAIL_DELAY: Time before expiration where a mail is sent. No mail sent after expiration. If no value, the script will take the pwdExpireWarning of the password policy
  • MY_LDAP_NAME_ATTR: attribute containing user’s name
  • MY_LDAP_LOGIN_ATTR: attribute containing user’s login
  • MY_LDAP_MAIL_ATTR:attribute containing user’s name
  • MY_MAIL_BODY: message body
  • MY_MAIL_SUBJECT: message subject
  • MY_MAIL_BIN: mail binary
  • MY_LOG_HEADER: log header
  • MY_GAWK_BIN: path to gawk binary

Sample LDAP User entry

Below is our sample OpenLDAP user entry. Note the following attributes;

  • MY_LDAP_NAME_ATTR=cn
  • MY_LDAP_LOGIN_ATTR=uid
  • MY_LDAP_MAIL_ATTR=mail
ldapsearch -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -s one -b "ou=people,dc=ldapmaster,dc=kifarunix-demo,dc=com" -LLL -Q uid=janedoe 
dn: uid=janedoe,ou=people,dc=ldapmaster,dc=kifarunix-demo,dc=com
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: extensibleObject
uid: janedoe
cn: Jane
sn: Doe
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 10010
gidNumber: 10010
homeDirectory: /home/janedoe
shadowMax: 60
shadowMin: 1
shadowWarning: 7
shadowInactive: 7
shadowLastChange: 0
userPassword:: e1NTSEF9dmczUGpBa0EybUtOanJ4QWc1dWN5d20wNnlmOGg4cE8=
mail: [email protected]

Testing the LDAP Password Expiration Notification Script

To check the script can get us what is expected of it, simply execute it on the LDAP server as follows;

bash checkLdapPwdExpiration.sh

Our script writes output to, /tmp/ldap-password-stats, file.

cat /tmp/ldap-password-stats
Hello Admin,
Find the LDAP users account password expiry status as Jun 13,2020 21:19:18.

Password warning for janedoe (expiry date, Thursday 18, June 2020 at 11:12:37). Mail sent to [email protected]
Password expired for koromicha on Friday 08, May 2020 at 21:34:02. Mail sent to [email protected]
No password change date for johndoe ([email protected])

===== Statistics =====
Total User Accounts checked: 4
Accounts with Expired Passwords: 1
Accounts with Passwords in Warning state: 1

From the output above, we can see that;

  • A total of fours users, in the directory, were checked.
  • Password for user koromicha, has expired on Friday 08, May 2020 at 21:34:02. Notification email sent to user.
  • Password for the user, janedoe, will expire on Thursday 18, June 2020 at 11:12:37. Notification email sent to user.
  • No password change date for johndoe ([email protected])

Since we do not have any mail utility installed, you may get such an output;

mail: command not found

Configure your LDAP Server to Send Mails

In order for your OpenLDAP server to be able to send mails out, you need to have an MTA installed and configured. If you noticed above, the script tried use sendmail. In this demo, we will be using postfix instead.

Note that our LDAP server is running on a CentOS 8 system

Install and Setup OpenLDAP on CentOS 8

Install Postfix MTA on CentOS 8

yum install postfix cyrus-sasl-plain mailx

Configure Postfix to use Gmail SMTP relay

cp /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.old
vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

Make the following adjustments;

myhostname = ldap.kifarunix-demo.com
inet_protocols = ipv4
relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous

Save and exit the configuration.

Enter the authentication credentials on the file, /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd in the format;

[smtp.gmail.com]:587 userid@gmail:password

Hash the credentials file.

postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

Set the proper permissions on the credentials file,

chown root:postfix /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd*
chmod 640 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd*

Start the Postfix configuration.

systemctl enable --now postfix

Test Email Delivery

echo "Test Postfix gmail relay" | mail -s "Test postfix gmail relay" [email protected]

Check the logs.

tail /var/log/maillog

If you see this line, all is well;

[email protected], relay=smtp.gmail.com[74.125.133.108]:587, ...status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK ..

Once the email relay configuration is done, rerun the script.

bash checkLdapPwdExpiration.sh

Check the administrator inbox, which in this demo is set to, [email protected], and the inbox for the user whose password is in warning state, [email protected].

On Admin Mailbox, this is the email from LDAP;

Subject: LDAP Password Expiration Status

Hello Admin,
Find the LDAP users account password expiry status as Jun 13,2020 21:31:11.

Password warning for janedoe (expiry date, Thursday 18, June 2020 at 11:12:37). Mail sent to [email protected]
Password expired for koromicha on Friday 08, May 2020 at 21:34:02. Mail sent to [email protected]
No password change date for johndoe ([email protected])

===== Statistics =====
Total User Accounts checked: 4
Accounts with Expired Passwords: 1
Accounts with Passwords in Warning state: 1

On the User’s inbox (Janedoe and Koromicha in this case);

Subject: LDAP Account Password Expiry Status

Hi jane,

 Your password will expire in 4 days on Thursday 18, June 2020 at 11:12:37.

 Visit Kifarunix-demo Self Service Password site, https://ldap-ssp.kifarunix-demo.com to reset your password.

 As a reminder, ensure that your password conforms to the company outlined password policies.

 Kifarunix-demo IT team,
 Regards.
Subject: LDAP Account Password Expiry Status

Hi koromicha,

 Your password expired on Friday 08, May 2020 at 21:34:02.

 Kindly contact Kifarunix-demo IT team to help reset the password.

 Kifarunix-demo IT team,
 Regards.

And there you go. You are now receiving the status of the LDAP accounts password expiry as the administrator. At the same time, users whose passwords are yet to expire are notified via their respective emails as defined on their LDAP entries. We hope that was informative.

Create Daily Cron Job for the Script

To ensure that the script is executed regularly, all you need to do is to create a cron job to execute the script at a specific regular time and have the LDAP accounts passwords status sent to users.

Before you can install a cron job, ensure that the script is executable.

chmod +x /home/kifarunix/checkLdapPwdExpiration.sh

To install a cron job, run the command below;

crontab -e

Enter the line below, to have the script executed every day from Monday-Friday at 0800 hrs.

0 8 * * 1-5 /home/kifarunix/checkLdapPwdExpiration.sh

That marks the end of our guide on how to send OpenLDAP password expiry notifications via email.

Related Tutorials

Configure Offline Authentication via OpenLDAP on MacOS X

Install and Setup OpenLDAP Server on Ubuntu 20.04

Disable Password Expiry for Specific Users on OpenLDAP

Configure OpenLDAP SSSD client on CentOS 6/7

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koromicha
I am the Co-founder of Kifarunix.com, Linux and the whole FOSS enthusiast, Linux System Admin and a Blue Teamer who loves to share technological tips and hacks with others as a way of sharing knowledge as: "In vain have you acquired knowledge if you have not imparted it to others".

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